Luanda Process: A Decisive Step Towards Stabilizing Eastern DRC

Luanda, November 25, 2024 – A historic agreement has been signed between the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Rwanda during the sixth ministerial meeting organized by Angola. The “Concept of Operations” (CONOPS), validated under the mediation of Angolan President João Lourenço, provides a four-phase roadmap aimed at neutralizing the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) and establishing lasting peace in the Great Lakes region.

Key Elements of the Plan

The CONOPS outlines a detailed and progressive strategy:

1. Analysis and Identification:
   Over 15 days, the threat posed by the FDLR will be assessed, including their positions and military capabilities. Rwanda will need to provide assurances to halt any cross-border incursions.
2. Targeted Neutralization:
   Strategic operations will be conducted to weaken the FDLR and their allies, followed by a joint evaluation.
3. Operational Review:
   The effectiveness of the operations will be reviewed, and necessary strategic adjustments will be made.
4. Stabilization and Normalization:
   This final stage will involve the demobilization and repatriation of former FDLR combatants, alongside the restoration of normal relations between Kinshasa and Kigali.

Reactions and Challenges Ahead

The international community, including MONUSCO and the European Union, has welcomed this agreement. However, significant challenges remain:

• Risk of Reprisals Against Civilians: The FDLR may retaliate in response to coordinated operations.
• Community Tensions: Strengthening social cohesion is essential.
• Political Commitment: Strong political will from both countries will be crucial to ensure the process’s success.

Analysis: A Fragile but Significant Breakthrough

This agreement could represent a major step forward in securing and developing Eastern DRC, though it relies on several critical factors. The plan’s success hinges on transparency and coordination between the parties. Moreover, international support will be vital for the demobilization and reintegration of ex-combatants.

The DRC stands at a turning point where pacifying the East could drive the socio-economic recovery of historically marginalized regions. However, only a rigorous execution of this plan will turn hope into realit